2014年生态及保护学期刊的影响因子

译者按：本文译自澳大利亚阿德莱德大学Corey J. A. Bradshaw教授的博客文章。7月29日的影响因子公布，也牵动着我的神经，因为我关注着《生物地理学报》(Journal of Biogeography)会不会在今年突破5分的关口。于是凑热闹看着哪个期刊升，哪个期刊降。今天发现了Bradshaw教授对生态学和保护生物学期刊的分析，感觉他的博文值得与大家分享，于是立即翻译之。在此我对以下译文声明：由于译者水平有限，不能保证译文内容准确无误。如果您发现了译文中的错误，请您留言指出，或者请直接参照英文原文。若转载本文，请保留英文原文和中文译文的原始出处。

通常我会每年总结保护生物学期刊的Thomson-Reuters ISI Web of Knowledge 影响因子报告， 同时简要地对其他偶尔刊发与保护生物学相关文章的期刊进行点评 (详见我之前对 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 和 2012 年的影响因子分析)。

虽然Thomson-Reuters公司应允今年会予以修正并提高影响因子计算过程的透明度，但是影响因子这个评价指标还是让人普遍感觉较为差劲。面对Thomson-Reuters遮遮掩掩的行为，今年我于是做了点与往年不同的分析。虽然前几日2013年的影响因子报告刚刚出炉(不知道为啥，今年公布得特别迟)，我将把Thomson-Reuters的影响因子与日渐可信的Google Scholar Journal Metrics进行比较。对于Google Scholar期刊指数，我直觉上认为它们更可靠，更透明。

除了同时提供Google指数和影响因子排名外，我还对这两套系统进行了整合(平均)分析。我感觉实际上，整合后的排名会比校正后的原始引文指数更有用，因为你必须明确地把你所感兴趣的那些期刊放在一起进行对比评价。我同时进一步通过引入惩罚项(penalty term)对平均后的排名进行修正。其实本质上，惩罚项是两套系统间排名差异的变异系数(coefficient of variation)

请继续阅读以看下述分析结果。

至少对于我而言，Google Scholar 期刊指数是一种更为直接和透明的期刊评价体系。Google指数也与我个人对各个期刊的主观评价较为吻合。虽然Google期刊指数有特定的子学科类别排名 (比如 Biodiversity & Conservation Biology, Ecology, 和 Marine Science & Fisheries等子学科类别)，但是Google指数只排名子科学类别中的前20个期刊，并且没有很好地提供学科间的比较。换言之，你不得不自己手动查找特定的期刊。

因此，我合并分析了多个子学科和其他跨学科的期刊，以此给保护生态学家们提供一点有关保护学期刊的排名指南。下面的表格列出了75个生态学或保护生物学相关的期刊，以及一些我认为涵盖这两学科的具有较大影响力的综合期刊。我不认为这个名单是完整的，而且我几乎确信这个名单会受到我个人文章发表经历的影响。不过我想，如果你也是从事生态或保护生物学的研究人员，这个名单应该已经列出了大多数你愿意投稿的常见期刊了。

第一列是Google期刊的h5指数 (h5指数表示过去的5年间，即在2009至2013年间，某一期刊有h篇文章至少每篇都被引用了h次)。第二列是今年的ISI影响因子(跟去年的影响因子进行对照)：

Google期刊的h5指数

 ISI影响因子
  1. Nature 355
  2. Science 311
  3. P Natl Acad Sci USA 217
  4. PLoS One 148
  5. PLoS Biology 96
  6. Current Biology 96
  7. Phil Trans R Soc B 95
  8. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 86
  9. Ecology Letters 83
  10. Global Change Biology 83
  11. P Roy Soc B 79
  12. Science of the Total Environment 74
  13. Molecular Ecology 71
  14. Ecology 68
  15. Biological Conservation 60
  16. Conservation Biology 58
  17. Ecological Applications 56
  18. Journal of Applied Ecology 56
  19. Frontiers Ecol Environ 56
  20. Molecular Ecology Resources 55
  21. Nature Climate Change 54
  22. Forest Ecology & Management 53
  23. BioScience 51
  24. Functional Ecology 51
  25. Journal of Ecology 51
  26. Environ Model Software 51
  27. Journal of Animal Ecology 50
  28. Journal of Biogeography 49
  29. Marine Ecology Progress Series 49
  30. Ecological Indicators 48
  31. Global Ecology and Biogeography 47
  32. Biology Letters 47
  33. Annu Rev Mar Sci 47
  34. Freshwater Biology 46
  35. Marine Pollution Bulletin 46
  36. Oecologia 46
  37. Diversity and Distributions 45
  38. Ann Rev Ecol Evol Syst 45
  39. Oikos 44
  40. Ecography 43
  41. Limnology & Oceanography 43
  42. Biological Invasions 41
  43. Global & Planetary Change 41
  44. Hydrobiologia 39
  45. Landscape Ecology 38
  46. Biodiversity and Conservation 37
  47. Ecological Monographs 37
  48. Conservation Letters 36
  49. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 36
  50. Coral Reefs 36
  51. Fish & Fisheries 35
  52. Marine Biology 34
  53. Methods in Ecology & Evolution 33
  54. Journal of Vegetation Science 32
  55. Journal of Wildlife Management 32
  56. Ambio 32
  57. Restoration Ecology 31
  58. Basic and Applied Ecology 30
  59. Biotropica 28
  60. Plant Ecology 28
  61. Animal Conservation 28
  62. Conservation Genetics 28
  63. Austral Ecology 24
  64. Environmental Conservation 24
  65. Aquat Conserv: Mar Freshw Ecosyst 24
  66. Oryx 24
  67. Wildlife Research 22
  68. Endangered Species Research 21
  69. Ecosphere 21
  70. Journal of Insect Conservation 21
  71. Journal for Nature Conservation 18
  72. Insect Conservation & Diversity 18
  73. Bird Conservation International 14
  74. Ecology & Evolution 14
  75. Tropical Conservation Science 13
  1. Nature 42.351 ↑ from 38.597
  2. Science 31.477 ↑ from 31.027
  3. Annu Rev Mar Sci 16.381 ↑ from 14.368
  4. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 15.353 ↓ from 15.389
  5. Nature Climate Change 15.295 ↑ from 14.472
  6. Ecology Letters 13.042 ↓ from 17.949
  7. PLoS Biology 11.771 ↓ from 12.690
  8. Ann Rev Ecol Evol Syst 10.977 ↑ from 10.375
  9. Current Biology 9.916 ↑ from 9.494
  10. P Natl Acad Sci USA 9.809 ↑ from 9.737
  11. Fish & Fisheries 8.755 ↑ from 5.855
  12. Frontiers Ecol Environ 8.412 ↑ from 7.615
  13. Global Change Biology 8.224 ↑ from 6.910
  14. Global Ecology and Biogeography 7.242 ↑ from 7.223
  15. Ecological Monographs 7.107 ↓ from 8.085
  16. Phil Trans R Soc B 6.314 ↑ from 6.230
  17. Molecular Ecology 5.840 ↓ from 6.275
  18. Journal of Ecology 5.694 ↑ from 5.431
  19. Molecular Ecology Resources 5.626 ↓ from 7.432
  20. Diversity and Distributions 5.469 ↓ from 6.122
  21. BioScience 5.439 ↑ from 4.739
  22. Methods in Ecology & Evolution 5.322 ↓ from 5.924
  23. P Roy Soc B 5.292 ↓ from 5.683
  24. Conservation Letters 5.032 ↑ from 4.356
  25. Ecology 5.000 ↓ from 5.175
  26. Journal of Biogeography 4.969 ↑ from 4.863
  27. Functional Ecology 4.857 ↓ from 4.860
  28. Journal of Applied Ecology 4.754 ↑ from 4.740
  29. Journal of Animal Ecology 4.726 ↓ from 4.841
  30. Environ Model Software 4.538 ↑ from 3.608
  31. Conservation Biology 4.320 ↓ from 4.355
  32. Ecography 4.207 ↓ from 5.124
  33. Ecological Applications 4.126 ↑ from 3.815
  34. Biological Conservation 4.036 ↑ from 3.794
  35. Global & Planetary Change 3.707 ↑ from 3.155
  36. Coral Reefs 3.623 ↓ from 3.662
  37. Limnology & Oceanography 3.615 ↑ from 3.405
  38. Landscape Ecology 3.574 ↑ from 2.897
  39. Oikos 3.559 ↑ from 3.322
  40. PLoS One 3.534 ↓ from 3.730
  41. Biology Letters 3.425 ↑ from 3.348
  42. Journal of Vegetation Science 3.372 ↑ from 2.818
  43. Oecologia 3.248 ↑ from 3.011
  44. Ecological Indicators 3.230 ↑ from 2.890
  45. Science of the Total Environment 3.163 ↓ from 3.258
  46. Ambio 2.973 ↑ from 2.295
  47. Freshwater Biology 2.905 ↓ from 3.933
  48. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2.793 ↑ from 2.531
  49. Biological Invasions 2.716 ↑ from 2.509
  50. Forest Ecology & Management 2.667 ↓ from 2.766
  51. Marine Ecology Progress Series 2.640 ↑ from 2.546
  52. Ecosphere 2.595 (1st IF)
  53. Animal Conservation 2.524 ↓ from 2.692
  54. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 2.475 ↑ from 2.263
  55. Marine Biology 2.393 ↓ from 2.468
  56. Basic and Applied Ecology 2.389 ↓ from 2.696
  57. Environmental Conservation 2.320 ↓ from 2.341
  58. Hydrobiologia 2.212 ↑ from 1.985
  59. Biotropica 2.082 ↓ from 2.351
  60. Biodiversity and Conservation 2.065 ↓ from 2.264
  61. Restoration Ecology 1.991 ↑ from 1.934
  62. Insect Conservation & Diversity 1.937 from 1.937
  63. Oryx 1.914 ↑ from 1.624
  64. Conservation Genetics 1.846 ↓ from 2.183
  65. Journal for Nature Conservation 1.833 ↑ from 1.535
  66. Journal of Insect Conservation 1.789 ↓ from 1.801
  67. Aq Conserv: Mar Freshw Ecosyst 1.756 ↓ from 1.917
  68. Austral Ecology 1.724 ↓ from 1.738
  69. Ecology & Evolution 1.658 ↑ from 1.184
  70. Plant Ecology 1.640 ↑ from 1.534
  71. Journal of Wildlife Management 1.611 ↓ from 1.640
  72. Bird Conservation International 1.554 ↑ from 1.074
  73. Tropical Conservation Science 1.329 ↑ from 1.092
  74. Wildlife Research 1.194 ↓ from 1.381
  75. Endangered Species Research (not listed)

当然，这里如果纯粹看期刊的排名是有问题的。因为对你而言，你不会把一篇有关动物的文章投到跟植物学相关的期刊上，也不会把一篇有关植物保护或生态学的文章投稿研究昆虫的期刊上。但是总体而言，你若打算寻找一个较好的目标期刊，这个排名对你应该会有所助益。

这排名有几点值得注意。Google排名的列表其实跟影响因子的排名相当不同。比如说，PLoS One的影响因子是3.534 – 虽然不怎么高，却还过得去，但是Google的h5指数却直接窜到148，占据了所列75个期刊的第四把交椅，甚至比PLoS Biology、Current Biology、Trends in Ecology and Evolution 和 Ecology Letters)还高！这可能跟PLoS One的开放获取(open access)有关吧。

另一个反常的排名是Nature Climate Change：影响因子达到15.295，但在Google排名中却只排在第21位。对于保护生物学领域的期刊，按照Google的排名，Biological Conservation 打败了Conservation Biology。若按照影响因子的排名，Conservation Letters 成了大赢家 (尾随其后的是 Conservation Biology 和 Biological Conservation).

总体而言，这个列表中大多数期刊 (57%) 的影响因子比去年上涨，但这并不表示 各个期刊的影响因子会随时间稳步上升。不过，Ecology Letters今年却降的非常厉害，从2012年的17.949分直接跌到今年的13.042。

如上述所言，我接下来将要简要计算两个排名系统的均值 (第一列)。我同时对两个系统中差异极大的期刊添加了惩罚项以进行修正。这里我在平均排名的基础上加上了排名的变异系数 (rank SD/mean rank) (第二列)。因此，那些两个系统中排名几乎相同的期刊的惩罚项将为零，而那些差异极大的期刊将会在排名中上下浮动。

平均排名

 平均排名 + 变异系数
  1. Nature 1
  2. Science 2
  3. PLoS Biology 6
  4. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 6
  5. P Natl Acad Sci USA 6.5
  6. Current Biology 7.5
  7. Ecology Letters 7.5
  8. Phil Trans R Soc B 11.5
  9. Global Change Biology 11.5
  10. Nature Climate Change 13
  11. Molecular Ecology 15
  12. Frontiers Ecol Environ 15.5
  13. P Roy Soc B 17
  14. Annu Rev Mar Sci 18
  15. Ecology 19.5
  16. Molecular Ecology Resources 19.5
  17. Journal of Ecology 21.5
  18. PLoS One 22
  19. BioScience 22
  20. Global Ecology and Biogeography 22.5
  21. Journal of Applied Ecology 23
  22. Ann Rev Ecol Evol Syst 23
  23. Conservation Biology 23.5
  24. Biological Conservation 24.5
  25. Ecological Applications 25
  26. Functional Ecology 25.5
  27. Journal of Biogeography 27
  28. Environ Model Software 28
  29. Journal of Animal Ecology 28
  30. Science of the Total Environment 28.5
  31. Diversity and Distributions 28.5
  32. Ecological Monographs 31
  33. Fish & Fisheries 31
  34. Forest Ecology & Management 36
  35. Ecography 36
  36. Conservation Letters 36
  37. Biology Letters 36.5
  38. Ecological Indicators 37
  39. Methods in Ecology & Evolution 37.5
  40. Oikos 39
  41. Limnology & Oceanography 39
  42. Global & Planetary Change 39
  43. Oecologia 39.5
  44. Marine Ecology Progress Series 40
  45. Freshwater Biology 40.5
  46. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41.5
  47. Landscape Ecology 41.5
  48. Coral Reefs 43
  49. Biological Invasions 45.5
  50. Journal of Vegetation Science 48
  51. Hydrobiologia 51
  52. Ambio 51
  53. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 51.5
  54. Biodiversity and Conservation 53
  55. Marine Biology 53.5
  56. Basic and Applied Ecology 57
  57. Animal Conservation 57
  58. Restoration Ecology 59
  59. Biotropica 59
  60. Environmental Conservation 60.5
  61. Ecosphere 60.5
  62. Journal of Wildlife Management 63
  63. Conservation Genetics 63
  64. Oryx 64.5
  65. Plant Ecology 65
  66. Austral Ecology 65.5
  67. Aquat Conserv: Mar Freshw Ecosyst 66
  68. Insect Conservation & Diversity 67
  69. Journal of Insect Conservation 68
  70. Journal for Nature Conservation 68
  71. Wildlife Research 70.5
  72. Ecology & Evolution 71.5
  73. Bird Conservation International 72.5
  74. Tropical Conservation Science 74
  75. Endangered Species Research -
  1. Nature 1.000
  2. Science 2.000
  3. PLoS Biology 6.236
  4. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 6.471
  5. P Natl Acad Sci USA 7.261
  6. Current Biology 7.783
  7. Ecology Letters 7.783
  8. Global Change Biology 11.684
  9. Phil Trans R Soc B 12.053
  10. Nature Climate Change 13.870
  11. Molecular Ecology 15.189
  12. Frontiers Ecol Environ 15.819
  13. P Roy Soc B 17.499
  14. Annu Rev Mar Sci 19.179
  15. Molecular Ecology Resources 19.536
  16. Ecology 19.899
  17. Journal of Ecology 21.730
  18. BioScience 22.064
  19. Global Ecology and Biogeography 23.034
  20. PLoS One 23.157
  21. Journal of Applied Ecology 23.307
  22. Ann Rev Ecol Evol Syst 23.922
  23. Conservation Biology 23.951
  24. Biological Conservation 25.048
  25. Ecological Applications 25.453
  26. Functional Ecology 25.583
  27. Journal of Biogeography 27.052
  28. Journal of Animal Ecology 28.051
  29. Environ Model Software 28.101
  30. Diversity and Distributions 28.922
  31. Science of the Total Environment 29.319
  32. Ecological Monographs 31.730
  33. Fish & Fisheries 31.912
  34. Ecography 36.157
  35. Conservation Letters 36.471
  36. Forest Ecology & Management 36.550
  37. Biology Letters 36.674
  38. Ecological Indicators 37.268
  39. Methods in Ecology & Evolution 38.085
  40. Oikos 39.000
  41. Limnology & Oceanography 39.073
  42. Global & Planetary Change 39.145
  43. Oecologia 39.625
  44. Marine Ecology Progress Series 40.389
  45. Freshwater Biology 40.727
  46. Landscape Ecology 41.619
  47. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41.722
  48. Coral Reefs 43.230
  49. Biological Invasions 45.609
  50. Journal of Vegetation Science 48.177
  51. Ambio 51.139
  52. Hydrobiologia 51.194
  53. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 51.569
  54. Biodiversity and Conservation 53.187
  55. Marine Biology 53.540
  56. Basic and Applied Ecology 57.025
  57. Animal Conservation 57.099
  58. Biotropica 59.000
  59. Restoration Ecology 59.048
  60. Environmental Conservation 60.582
  61. Ecosphere 60.699
  62. Conservation Genetics 63.022
  63. Journal of Wildlife Management 63.180
  64. Oryx 64.533
  65. Plant Ecology 65.109
  66. Austral Ecology 65.554
  67. Aquat Conserv: Mar Freshw Ecosyst 66.021
  68. Insect Conservation & Diversity 67.106
  69. Journal of Insect Conservation 68.042
  70. Journal for Nature Conservation 68.062
  71. Wildlife Research 70.570
  72. Ecology & Evolution 71.549
  73. Bird Conservation International 72.510
  74. Tropical Conservation Science 74.019
  75. Endangered Species Research -

请注意：如果你主要关心保护生物学方面的期刊，我已经对这两个列表中的这些期刊名字进行加粗。实际的结果是 Conservation Biology 和 Biological Conservation 两个期刊的排名几乎一样 (高于 Conservation Letters)，而如果你认为 Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 也是保护生物学期刊的话，它的排名是最高的。

最后，有人认为 5年的影响因子会比2年的影响因子更能合理地反应期刊的质量。对此观点，我笑而不语。于是基于5年的影响因子，我重新计算了一遍。结果跟之前的差不多：

平均排名

(Google指数 + 5年影响因子)
  1. Nature 1
  2. Science 2
  3. P Natl Acad Sci USA 6
  4. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 6
  5. PLoS Biology 6.5
  6. Ecology Letters 7
  7. Current Biology 8.5
  8. Phil Trans R Soc B 11
  9. Global Change Biology 11.5
  10. Nature Climate Change 14
  11. Frontiers Ecol Environ 14.5
  12. Molecular Ecology 16
  13. P Roy Soc B 17
  14. Ecology 17.5
  15. Annu Rev Mar Sci 19.5
  16. Journal of Applied Ecology 20
  17. BioScience 20
  18. Ann Rev Ecol Evol Syst 20.5
  19. PLoS One 21.5
  20. Conservation Biology 21.5
  21. Journal of Ecology 22.5
  22. Biological Conservation 23.5
  23. Ecological Applications 23.5
  24. Global Ecology and Biogeography 23.5
  25. Science of the Total Environment 26.5
  26. Functional Ecology 26.5
  27. Journal of Animal Ecology 26.5
  28. Molecular Ecology Resources 27
  29. Journal of Biogeography 29.5
  30. Ecological Monographs 29.5
  31. Environ Model Software 31
  32. Diversity and Distributions 31
  33. Ecography 32
  34. Fish & Fisheries 32.5
  35. Methods in Ecology & Evolution 35.5
  36. Forest Ecology & Management 36
  37. Biology Letters 37
  38. Ecological Indicators 38
  39. Limnology & Oceanography 38
  40. Global & Planetary Change 38
  41. Conservation Letters 38
  42. Marine Ecology Progress Series 38.5
  43. Freshwater Biology 38.5
  44. Oikos 39.5
  45. Oecologia 40
  46. Landscape Ecology 41.5
  47. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42
  48. Coral Reefs 43.5
  49. Biological Invasions 46.5
  50. Journal of Vegetation Science 49.5
  51. Biodiversity and Conservation 51
  52. Hydrobiologia 52
  53. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 53.5
  54. Animal Conservation 54
  55. Marine Biology 54.5
  56. Ambio 54.5
  57. Basic and Applied Ecology 55
  58. Restoration Ecology 59
  59. Biotropica 59
  60. Environmental Conservation 59
  61. Journal of Wildlife Management 61
  62. Ecosphere 62
  63. Plant Ecology 63
  64. Aquat Conserv: Mar Freshw Ecosyst 63.5
  65. Oryx 64.5
  66. Conservation Genetics 66
  67. Austral Ecology 66
  68. Journal for Nature Conservation 67.5
  69. Insect Conservation & Diversity 68.5
  70. Journal of Insect Conservation 69
  71. Wildlife Research 69.5
  72. Ecology & Evolution 72.5
  73. Bird Conservation International 73
  74. Tropical Conservation Science 74.5
  75. Endangered Species Research -

我确信我可能忽略了一些人所钟爱的部分期刊，但是我认为我的方法可以对你所感兴趣的任何子学科或期刊进行对比分析。让我感到高兴的是，现在我们将没必要仅仅依赖于影响因子来决定往哪个期刊投稿了。

译文原文链接：http://sixf.org/cn/2014/08/google-scholar-journal-matrix-and.impact-factor

英文原文链接：http://conservationbytes.com/2014/08/01/a-fairer-way-to-rank-conservation-and-ecology-journals-in-2014/</small>

斯幸峰 /
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